Uso do DNA barcoding pelos órgãos de perícia oficial do Brasil

Abstract

DNA barcoding is an approach for the genetic identification of species that has been identified as highly applicable in forensic sciences that require the identification of species, such as environmental crimes, mislabcrimes against consumers, forensic entomology, identification of drugs and others. The objective of the present study was to analyze the current situation of the official forensic institutions in Brazil in relation to the use of the DNA barcoding technique. For this, an electronic questionnaire was used, addressed to foresncic managers and forensic experts from the laboratories responsible for forensic genetic examinations of 28 of these institutions in the country. In general, the results showed that the use of this technique is still very restricted in that forensic institutions, so this examination is carried out directly by two of them and is carried out, through partnership with other institutions, by two others. The main reason for not performing this test was the lack of demand, which, however, contrasts with information obtained in the literature on this topic. Furthermore, in order to expand the use of the technique in forensic institutions in Brazil, it is essential to establish partnerships with universities and research institutions and support from public organizations that work in the development of public safety agencies.

References

  1. Brasil (Leis, decretos...). Decreto-Lei nº 3.689, de 3 de outubro de 1941 (Código de Processo Penal), Brasil, 1941. Retirado em 01/04/2023 de https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto-lei/Del3689.htm.
  2. P. Fachone; L. Velho. Ciência forense: interseção justiça, ciência e tecnologia. Rev. Tec. Soc. 4, 139-161, 2007.
  3. A.M.L Azeredo. O Código de barras da vida baseado no DNA “Barcoding of Life”: considerações e perspectivas. Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos (CBMEG-UNICAMP), Brasil, 2005, 1-14.
  4. C.V. Rodrigues; M.T. Silva; O.M.S. Truzzi. Perícia criminal: uma abordagem de serviços. Gest. Prod. 17, 843-857, 2010.
  5. S.M. Caligiorne; A.T.A. Chagas. DNA forense - o uso da biologia molecular na resolução de casos criminais. Rev. Crim. Med. Leg. 4, 9-15, 2019.
  6. S. Ratnasingham; P.D. Hebert. BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System (http://www.barcodinglife.org). Mol. Ecol. Notes 7, 355-364, 2007.
  7. A. Linacre. Animal Forensic Genetics. Genes 12, 515, 2021.
  8. Q. Chen; M. Liu; C. Xu et al. Potential of plant DNA information in determining the provenance and identify of unknown victims. Forensic Sci. Int. 350, 111786, 2023.
  9. M.O. Ezegbogu. Identifying the scene of a crime through pollen analysis. Sci. & Justice 61, 205-213, 2021.
  10. A. Fuentes-López; A.P. Pedreño; E. Romera et al. DNA-based and taxonomic identification of forensically important Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in southeastern Spain. Sci. & Justice 61, 150-159, 2020.
  11. R.R. Carmo; A.R.S. Garcez; K.R. Vasconcelos; D.P. Leite Jr; E.S.O.D. Dantas; F.G.S. Silva et al. Identification of wild animal species through mitochondrial sequences used in combating crimes against fauna - Mato Grosso – Brazil. Braz J Forensic Sci. 6(3), 378-404, 2017.
  12. A.T.A. Chagas, S. Ludwig; J.S.M. Pimentel; N.I. Abreu; D.I. Nunez-Rodriguez; H.G. Leal et al. Use of complete mitochondrial genome sequences to identify barcoding markers for groups with low genetic distance. Mitochond DNA Part A. 31, 1, 2020.
  13. B.M. Nascimento; T.S. De Paula, P.M. Brito. DNA barcode of tilapia fish fillet from the Brazilian market and a standardized COI haplotyping for molecular identification of Oreochromis spp. (Actinopterygii, Cichlidae). Forensic Sci Int Anim Environ. 3, 100059, 2023.
  14. D. Cardoso-Carvalho; D. Guedes; M.G. Trindade et al. Nationwide Brazilian governmental forensic programme reveals seafood mislabelling trends and rates using DNA barcoding. Fish. Res. 191, 30-35, 2017.
  15. R.M Palhares; M.G Drummond; B.S.A.F BRASIL et al. Medicinal plants recommended by the World Health Organization: DNA barcode identification associated with chemical analyses guarantees their quality. PLoS ONE 10, e0127866, 2015.
  16. R.T.F Paranaiba; C.B.V Carvalho; J.M. Freitas et al. Forensic botany and forensic chemistry working together: application of plant DNA Barcoding as a complement to forensic chemistry-a case study in Brazil. Genome 62, 11-18, 2019.
  17. R.T.F Paranaiba; C.B.V. Carvalho; R.S. Paiva et al. DNA from wood - A simple approach facing a challenging matrix - A preliminary study. Forensic Sci. Int. 314, 110371, 2020.
  18. A.TA. Chagas; M.A. Da Costa; A.PV. Martins et al. Illegal hunting and fishing in Brazil: a study based on data provided by environmental military police. Nat. Conserv. 13, 183-189, 2015.
  19. Brasil. Ministério da Justiça (MJ). Secretaria Nacional de Segurança Pública (SENASP). Diagnóstico da perícia criminal no Brasil, 2013. Retirado em 30/09/2023 de https://bibliotecadigital.economia.gov.br/handle/123456789/300.
  20. R.R. Carmo; A.R.S. Garcez; K.R. Vasconcelos et al. Identification of wild animal species through mitochondrial sequences used in combating crimes against fauna - Mato Grosso – Brazil. Braz. J. Forensic Sci. 6, 378-404, 2017.
  21. A. Linacre; L. Gusmão; W. Hecht et al. ISFG: Recommendations regarding the use of non-human (animal) DNA in forensic genetic investigations. Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 5, 501–505, 2011.
  22. S.S. Tobe; A.C. kitchener; AM.T. Linacre. Reconstructing Mammalian Phylogenies: A Detailed Comparison of the Cytochrome b and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I Mitochondrial Genes. PLoS ONE 5, e14156, 2010.
  23. C.B.V. Carvalho. Estimativa de custos da técnica DNA barcoding (comunicação pessoal), Laboratório de Genética Forense, INC/PF, Brasil, 2023.
  24. R. Desalle; P. Goldstein. Review and Interpretation of Trends in DNA Barcoding. Front Ecol. Evol. 7, 1-11, 2019.
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2023 Brazilian Journal of Criminalistics

Share

Download

PDF (Português (Brasil))

Author(s)

  • Rodrigo H. Alves,
  • Carlos B.V. Carvalho,

    • Rodrigo H. Alves

    Polícia Civil do Estado de Minas Gerais

    Possui graduação em Ciências Biológicas (UFMG), especialização em Gestão e Manejo Ambiental em Sistemas Florestais (UFLA), especialização em Genética Forense (PF) e mestrado e doutorado em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre (UFMG). Atua como Perito Criminal da Polícia Civil do Estado de Minas Gerais desde o ano de 2006. Possui expericência em perícias de meio ambiente e em genética forense.

    Carlos B.V. Carvalho

    Polícia Federal

    Possui graduação em Ciências Biológicas (1996), mestrado em Ecologia (1999) e doutorado em Biologia Animal (2002), todos pela Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Tem experiência na área de Zoologia, com ênfase em Comportamento Animal, e Genética. Trabalhou no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), principalmente nas áreas Zoologia e Taxonomia. Atualmente é Perito Criminal Federal lotado no Serviço de Perícias em Genética Forense (SEPGEF) do Instituto Nacional de Criminalística (INC), da Polícia Federal (PF), com interesse principal na identificação genética de espécies animais.