Abstract
Forensic genetics is an important forensic tool standing out for its great power to individualize people. Through molecular biology techniques, this area provides large assistance to investigations, mainly contributing to the discovery of authorship. Its labor object is biological samples, making criminal experts determine the best strategies for their handling and processing, in addition to subjecting themselves to the steps of the chain of custody. The objective of this work is to promote the importance of the stages of the chain of custody and the processing strategies of biological samples intended for the analysis of their DNA, and in addition, to expose some problems within the Brazilian criminal scenario regarding forensic genetics. For this, several documents obtained from bibliographic collections were compiled, such as periodical articles, dissertations, books, journals, ordinances, SOP's and laws. Thus, it is emphasized that the effectiveness of molecular analyzes depends on how biological samples are handled during the procedures of collection, packaging, transport; and also the strategies used during laboratory processing. It is worth mentioning that it is crucial to follow the steps of the chain of custody, guaranteeing the suitability of the samples and providing evidence of transparency, authenticity and trust. Finally, with regard to forensic genetics in Brazil, it is observed that there is an incessant growth, mainly due to the efforts of professionals, recent legal changes and public investments. However, for this area to be even more significant within the criminal expertise, it is necessary to have greater recognition from the government.