Canabinoides Sintéticos: Una Revisión sobre la Interacción Biológica en el Organismo y las Técnicas Utilizadas para la Detección y Cuantificación.

Resumen

Este trabajo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre los principales métodos utilizados en la detección de Canabinoides Sintéticos (CS) en matrices biológicas y materiales incautados, considerando el crecimiento del comercio y uso de estas sustancias por una parte considerable de la población, su relación con el Sistema Endocannabinoide y sus efectos toxicodinámicos. Se abordaron técnicas instrumentales, como la Cromatografía Gaseosa y Líquida acopladas a la Espectrometría de Masas (GC-MS, LC-MS/MS), consideradas el estándar de oro para la identificación y cuantificación de estos compuestos.

También se discuten métodos alternativos, como la Espectrometría de Masas en Tiempo Real (DART-MS) y la Fotoionización por Presión Atmosférica de Desorción (APPI-DS), así como técnicas de cribado, tales como ensayos colorimétricos e inmunoensayos, a pesar de sus limitaciones en cuanto a especificidad. La preparación de muestras biológicas — fluido oral, sangre, orina, cabello y muestras de autopsia — se destaca como una etapa crucial en el proceso analítico, junto con el conocimiento de los metabolitos de los CS.

Entre las dificultades encontradas, destacan las constantes modificaciones estructurales de estas sustancias, la necesidad de actualización continua de bases de datos y la carencia de estándares analíticos. Se concluye que la combinación de métodos y el continuo desarrollo de enfoques analíticos son fundamentales para la detección eficaz de los CS en el ámbito de la toxicología forense.

Palabras clave

synthetic cannabinoids
Forensic Toxicology
Immunochromatographic tests
Biological evidence
Spectrometry
canabinoides sintéticos
Toxicologia
Cromatografia
Amostras Biologicas
Espectrometria
Canabinoides Sintéticos
Toxicología
Cromatografía
Muestras Biológicas
Espectrometría

Citas

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