Abordaje sobre el Monitoreo de Nuevas Sustancias Psicoactivas en Aguas Residuales: Una Revisión de la Literatura.

Resumen

La información epidemiológica relevante sobre el consumo de nuevas sustancias psicoactivas puede obtenerse a partir de la epidemiología basada en aguas residuales. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo verificar el consumo de nuevas sustancias psicoactivas de acuerdo con los datos obtenidos en la literatura, así como los procedimientos de muestreo de aguas residuales, los biomarcadores y los métodos analíticos utilizados en los análisis.

Se incluyeron 47 artículos publicados entre 2014 y 2024, seleccionados a partir de la base de datos PubMed, utilizando como palabras clave: wastewater-based epidemiology y new psychoactive substances. Otros artículos fueron utilizados para complementar la discusión de los resultados y también fueron consultados en otras bases de datos, como SciELO y Google Académico.

Fue posible verificar que los grupos de nuevas sustancias psicoactivas más estudiados fueron las catinonas sintéticas y las fenetilaminas. La extracción en fase sólida fue el método más utilizado para la preparación de muestras y, como método analítico, destacó la cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas en tándem. Se observó la importancia de analizar los metabolitos como biomarcadores; sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos se utilizaron las sustancias precursoras (parent compounds) para las nuevas sustancias psicoactivas.

Se concluye que la Wastewater-Based Epidemiology constituye una herramienta eficaz para el monitoreo del uso de nuevas sustancias psicoactivas, permitiendo observar los patrones de consumo en una determinada población. No obstante, el desarrollo continuo de técnicas analíticas y la identificación de biomarcadores específicos son fundamentales para mejorar la detección y la comprensión del consumo de estas sustancias en poblaciones específicas.

Palabras clave

novas substâncias psicoativas
biomarcadores
métodos analíticos
epidemiologia baseada em águas residuais
New Psychoactive Substances
Biomarkers
Analytical Methods
Wastewater-Based Epidemiology
Nuevas Sustancias Psicoactivas
Biomarcadores
métodos analíticos
epidemiologia baseada em águas residuais

Citas

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